Functional morphology of Richardson's ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii, alarm calls: the meaning of chirps, whistles and chucks
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The adaptive utility of Richardson’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) short-range ultrasonic alarm signals
Richardson’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii (Sabine, 1822)) produce audible (ca. 8 kHz) and (or) ultrasonic (ca. 48 kHz) alarm vocalizations that warn conspecifics of impending danger. Audible calls have a larger active space than ultrasonic calls because they travel farther, are louder, and contain frequencies to which conspecific and allospecific recipients are more sensitive. In...
متن کاملImpact of live trapping on stress profiles of Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii).
Researching the physiological ecology of natural populations requires an understanding of the impact of capture-induced stress because of its numerous effects on physiological processes. In many cases, initial blood samples to which comparisons are made are obtained well after capture and may differ markedly from free-ranging conditions. We examined the extent to which stress profiles of male R...
متن کاملIndividual acoustic variation in Belding’s ground squirrel alarm chirps in the High Sierra Nevada (L)
The acoustic structure of calls within call types can vary as function of individual identity, sex, and social group membership and is important in kin and social group recognition. Belding’s ground squirrels ~Spermophilus beldingi! produce alarm chirps that function in predator avoidance but little is known about the acoustic variability of these alarm chirps. The purpose of this preliminary s...
متن کاملIndividual acoustic variation in Belding's ground squirrel alarm chirps in the High Sierra Nevada.
The acoustic structure of calls within call types can vary as function of individual identity, sex, and social group membership and is important in kin and social group recognition. Belding’s ground squirrels ~Spermophilus beldingi! produce alarm chirps that function in predator avoidance but little is known about the acoustic variability of these alarm chirps. The purpose of this preliminary s...
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in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Animal Behaviour
سال: 2005
ISSN: 0003-3472
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.01.013